pechenik

ical Adaptations and Cellular Mechanisms Pechenik highlights the cellular and physiological innovations that enable invertebrates to thrive in their respective environments: Respiratory adaptations: Gills, skin diffu

and often a 3. shell. Annelida (segmented worms): Exhibiting segmented bodies and complex organ 4. systems. Arthropoda (insects, crustaceans, arachnids): The largest phylum with jointed 5. limbs and exoskeletons. Echinodermata (starfish, sea urchins):