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ily focused on classical sleep stage scoring based on electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns, eye movements, and muscle tone. However, with growing understanding of sleep physiology and pathophysiology, subsequent updates have introduced refined definitions of respiratory events

Beyond breathing and sleep stages, the manual also addresses periodic limb movements and sleep arousals. These factors are important in diagnosing restless leg syndrome and other movement-related sleep disorders. By establishing clear scoring rules,